In a 2010 review of 18 previous studies on the impact of exercise on people on the autism spectrum, researchers at the University of California found a consistent trend where ‘positive behaviours’ would increase, and ‘negative behaviours’ would decrease following exercise intervention.
“Following the exercise interventions decreases in stereotypy, aggression, off-task behaviour and elopement were reported. Fatigue is not likely the cause of decreases in maladaptive behaviour because on-task behaviour, academic responding, and appropriate motor behaviour (e.g., playing catch) increased following physical exercise.” (Lang, et al 2010). Note: “Stereotypy” refers to a repetitive movement or action such as clapping or clicking a pen in their ear. It’s better known as ‘stimming’, which is short for ‘self-stimulation’.
Recognising these benefits, there is a clear case for being more inclusive of people on the autism spectrum in our gyms, and for ourselves as fitness professionals. Working with a client on the autism spectrum, IS within the scope of practice for a Personal Trainer. You follow the same pre-screening process as you would any client. However, to ensure you are extra prepared, here are some additional documents/questions you might want to consider when onboarding.
Following the exercise interventions decreases in stereotypy, aggression, off-task behaviour and elopement were reported. Fatigue is not likely the cause of decreases in maladaptive behaviour because on-task behaviour, academic responding, and appropriate motor behaviour (e.g., playing catch) increased following physical exercise
Once you’ve ticked off these boxes – and you’re comfortable to proceed – it’s time to plan your first session. Here are some of the tips we give PTs before their first session.
A successful first session isn’t a rigorous workout; it’s building rapport with the client and boosting the odds of a second session! Establishing trust, communication and understanding is the primary goal. The sweaty workouts will come later.
The first session might not be more than them driving past the gym, let alone going inside. Change and new sensory experiences can be uncomfortable for people on the autism spectrum, so take it slow and follow their lead. You’re in this for the long haul.
Probably doesn’t need saying but it’s crucial. Don’t shy away from communication around their needs either. “Is it too loud in here?”, “Am I explaining that ok?” Communication is an excellent opportunity for them to give you feedback and help you, help them. Keep in mind that everyone communicates differently, so we need to remain adaptable to the communication preferences of our clients.
If you know their sensory preferences, then keep it in mind – or better yet actually plan around it. If someone avoids sensory experiences, sticking to one quiet area of the gym to start with might be a good place to start, as they acclimatise and get used to it (as one example). If the sensory environment changes around them – communicate and adapt.
Everybody loves having fun and it is a great way to build rapport and have them engaging in exercise. Incorporate your client’s interests into the session to help with engagement.
Reference: Lang, R., Koegel, L.K., Ashbaugh, K., Regester, A., Ence, W. and Smith, W., 2010. Physical exercise and individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Research in autism spectrum disorders, 4(4), pp.565-576.
In addition to being a FITREC DNA Ambassador, Tommy is the founder of WeFlex, which was created to support the fitness industry, so that more businesses and fitness professionals can work with clients with a disability. WeFlex achieves this through training, referrals and managing the NDIS requirements on your behalf. Doing so ensures that your job remains to simply show up, work out and have fun!
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